To get a deeper insight into the workings of the brain relating to reading, plasticity and dyslexia, see the lecture below:
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Other challenges commonly paired with dyslexia |
DYS-constellation |
There are similar brain-based conditions that can occur together with dyslexia, or could hinder children from mastering reading or writing. One that is most commonly mistaken for dyslexia is a perception condition termed Visual Processing Disorder. The student usually sees letters jumping off the page, dancing or moving, the black-and-white page and text present a challenge to focus, because of the high contrast. This disorder is not neurological, but perceptual, so the solutions to it will involve light and colour alterations, such as applying coloured background to the text, framing in the individual words while reading, or dimming the lights in the classroom.
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The various DYS difficulties, of which some often coexist within the same learner, are the following:
· Dyslalia, which is a motor difficulty of articulation that makes it difficult to pronounce some phonemes. It encompasses pronunciation difficulties such as stammering, lisping and hissing · Dysphasia, which is a structural and lasting disorder of oral language development · Dysorthographia, which often, but not always goes with dyslexia and which concerns the acquisition of the rules for spelling and grammatical agreement · Dyscalculia, which is a disorder of numerical and mathematical skills · Dysgraphia, which is a disorder of fine motor skills affecting the graphical gesture and the optimum formation of letters. · Dyspraxia, which is a disorder in carrying out actions, that is voluntary sequences of movements to interact with the environment (riding a bicycle, tying shoelaces, getting dressed, etc.). It is a syndrome which includes difficulties with motor coordination, automatisms, and spatial/temporal organization, but has not been studied in detail. · Attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder with or without hyperactivity (AD/HD) |